Thursday, 9 October 2008

Teaching Writing to ESL and EFL Students

Updated 18 February 2012

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Basic Tips
  • Teach the writing process: (pre-writing, writing, editing, and proof-reading). Start with pre-writing, so that students can get their ideas down on paper. Graphic organisers, outlines, notes, brainstorming, and lists are some ways.
  • In class: Allow plenty of time for the students to practise.
  • Daily: Short writing assignments, such as diaries, free writing or poems don’t take up much time.
  • It's the little things: Pay attention to vocabulary, structure, spelling and punctuation.
  • Variety: Try to teach different things such as descriptive, persuasive, information, narrative, or creative writing. Things like writing an essay, letters, articles, description, reference letter, review, story, persuasive essay, guidebook entry, informative essay, email, job application, compare/contrast, notes, opinion, phone messages, or leaflets are also possible.
  • Involve your students: Make it personal and make sure there’s a real life reason for writing. Keep the age, level, and reason for learning English in mind.
  • Use comics. Erase the words, photocopy the blank comics and have students fill them in.
  • Read: Don’t forget to have students read, it'll help them with their writing.
  • Organise your lessons. Make a binder with worksheets and students’ work.
  • Portfolios: Have the students create a writing portfolio.
  • Music: Try playing music while students are writing.
  • Make a question rule: Tell your students that before asking you for help first they have to ask two other students to help them.
  • Organise the classroom: Dictionaries, thesauruses, grammar books, and other reference books are great for writing.
  • Go online: Tell students about online resources such as Purdue's OWL. Some good websites for teaching writing are Outta Ray's Head Writing Lessons, Scholastic, and Teaching Ideas.You can also find good lesson plans online.
  • Examples: Look at good and bad examples so that they know the difference and can see what they should and shouldn’t do.
  • Feedback: Don’t forget to give feedback in the form of a class discussion, group correction, a meeting with the student, or written feedback.

Ways to Correct Writing
Many teachers dread correcting writing. It takes a long time, students don't really look at your corrections, and worst of all you're not getting paid for the extra time. Try drawing their attention to their mistakes and have them fix them. This saves you time and students will learn more.
  • Focus on one area: Only correct one part: organisation, register/style, grammar, vocabulary, spelling/punctuation, etc.
  • Use rubrics. They make grading much easier and help students know what they did well and what they need to improve.
  • Use correction codes: For example "gr" means grammar, sp means spelling. Have the students correct their mistakes.
  • Don't correct anything: Instead make general comments at the end. Tell them what their strengths and weaknesses are.
  • Highlight mistakes: Then have the students correct them.

General Test Taking Tips
  • Read and follow instructions. It only takes a minute or two and can save you a lot of time.
  • Forget cramming. It wouldn't work. If you don't know the information a couple of days before the test, you simply don't know it. You should study a little every day. Don't try to learn everything the night before.
  • Eat breakfast. It's the most important meal of the day and is necessary to help you think.
  • Bring your materials. Have your pencils, erasers, watch, and ID ready the night before.
  • Go early. Make sure you leave your house ahead of time so that you get to the class a few minutes before the test begins.
  • Pace yourself. Don't work too slowly or too quickly. If you finish early go back and check your answers.
  • Check your answers. Make sure you haven't made any simple mistakes.
  • Don't panic. It's just a test. The worst you can do is fail.

Specific Test Taking Tips for Writing
  • Keep to the word limit: Let your students know that they shouldn't waste their time counting every single word. They should count how many words are on one line then multiple it by the number of lines they've written.
  • Answer all the questions: There are usually a few questions that need to be answered in each writing task. Make sure you answer all of them and allocate enough words for each section.
  • Make an outline: Time is limited for writing exams, but that doesn't mean that you shouldn't take the time to plan. Creating a basic plan or outline is necessary for you to organise your ideas.
  • Write legibly: Your handwriting doesn't have to be perfect but the teacher needs to be able to read it.
  • Proof-read and edit: You should always re-read what you have written and fix the mistakes. If there are no mistakes see if you can make some simple changes to make your paper better.



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Monday, 4 August 2008

Learning the Local Lingo

Updated 18 February 2012

When moving to another country, learning the language can mean adjusting to the lifestyle or remaining an outsider.

Things that Impact Language Learning

  1. Language difficulty: Here are the world's most difficult languages. The Foreign Service has also ranked them. Here's language ranked according to difficulty for native English speakers.
  2. Necessity: What do you do in those countries and are you likely to encounter English speakers?
  3. Location: If you're in a big city with people who speak English, you will have less motivation to learn the local language.
  4. Personal reasons: Can range from length of stay, to motivation, to relationships, etc.

From bucultureshock.com
Media for Language Learning
Assimil, Fluenz, How to Learn Any Language, Memrise, Michel Thomas, Pimsleur, and Rosetta Stone are popular.
  • Watching TV or movies is very useful. Put on closed captioning so you can listening and read at the same time.
  • Listening to the radio will also help you get more accustomed to the language and its accents.
  • Emailing, forums, and chatting are also good.
  • Reading helps a lot. You can learn grammar and vocab as well as useful expressions.
Language Partners
These are a great way to meet the locals or you could find another foreigner and just spend the entire time trying to talk in the target language. You can talk about family, local news, or just practise reading aloud. You can find language partners on Conversation Exchange and italki.


More Language Learning Tips

  • Post-its. Putting up little notes can help you learn about things around you.
  • Practise, Practise, Practise. Don’t give up.
  • Use different learning styles
  • Read aloud. Just looking at the words won’t help you when you have to have a conversation. After a while, you’ll notice that the words come out faster, you’ll have less of an accent, and it will increase your grammar and vocabulary.
  • Stop translating. Although it may seem easier to think in English and then translate to the target language, it’s way too confusion, takes a long time, and some things simply don’t translate. Make a point of thinking in the language you’re using.
  • Read more about learning languages in learning the local language while teaching ESL and all Japanese all the time. Although it's geared towards Japanese, it still has tons of language learning tips.
  • Read part 2 of this series: learning the local lingo while teaching ESL.
Also published in . . .
This article has also been published in the ELT Times.

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Thursday, 31 July 2008

Working Holiday Visas and Short-term Jobs

Updated 12 September 2014  
Au Pairs/Nannies: Transitions Abroad Au Pair and Transitions Abroad Au Pair in Europe are good places to start getting information about au pair and nanny jobs. The French Embassy has information for non EU citizens applying for Au Pair Visas. Nannies and governesses are often taken on vacation as well. Just think about being paid to go skiing in Chamberyl.
Camp Instructors: Summer and winter camps are also an option in Asia as well as the UK, Ireland, Spain and Italy. Summer and winter camps also has good info. Ask about salary, accommodations, teaching materials, air conditioning, number of children per class, days off, and airfare.

Cruise ship work:
It can be grueling and the hours are long but you'll get a chance to take a free cruise. Sixth Star and Peace Boat have good reputations. You can find more info on the Lonely Planet forum.

Farm work/picking fruit:
It's hard work but you'll build muscles. You can find your own work or try going through an organisation such as WWOOF.

Governess: See above for au pair/nannying. Many of those companies also place governesses.

Sports instructor: Meditation and martial arts are popular so if you practice these you might be able to find a job.

Teacher: China, Japan, and Korea often have short contracts. Footprints Recruiting and Interexchange have short-term positions all over the world. Some companies such as Language Solutions in the UK, Qatar Aeronautical College in Qatar, Bell Libya in Libya, any contractors for Qatar Petroleum, and Westgate in Japan offer short contracts. If you'd like to head to Europe read Europe for non-EU passport holders. You might also look into teaching a foreign language. 

Tour guide:You'll have to do a bit of research ahead of time but you could also freelance easily.

How to get a WHVTutor: See above for au pair/nannying. Many of those companies also place tutors.

Waitress / Waiter: Be aware that some countries don't encourage tipping and others have a kitty system.


How to get a Working Holiday Visa (WHV)
Laws about work visas change often so be sure to check with the embassy of the country you want to work in as well. If you've got a passport from the EU you should be able to work in other EU countries. Please see the official EU expansion website for more info.

You're not going to get rich doing this. It's a chance to experience the culture and language while being able to work legally. Some countries have tax exemptions for working holiday visa holders. Expect to earn about $700 to $1000 in Europe and about $1000 to $2500 in Asia.

You usually have to be between 18 and 35 and you might also have to be a student or have graduated recently. Working holiday visas don't entitle you to take any independents with you. Most programmes require you to apply in your home country and prove that you have enough money to support yourself. WHVs are usually good for 3 to 24 months. They usually they have an application fee between $500 to $1500 usd. Some WHV programmes only allow you to participate again if you go home for a certain amount of time. WHVs are for people who can't get easily get permission to work in a specific country.

Recommended Programmes and Articles

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Friday, 27 June 2008

3 Tips for Moving to Another Country

Updated 22 October 2013

1. Bring Enough Money
From bulcultureshock.com
Make sure you have enough start-up cash. Some places will provide everything you while other might make you pay rent, buy furniture, food, and pay for transport. Remember you don't need to bring everything with you, for packing tips check out Goodhouse Keeping's packing list.

2. Learn How to Adjust
Making friends helps a lot and don't forget to keep in touch with people back home. Moving is stressful enough, but when you move to another country you can feel overwhelmed. 30 days to move abroad is a great book that makes moving overseas a breeze. Knowing about culture shock and how it'll affect you will help you as well.


 
3. Learn the language
Try to take some classes before you leave. You can find out how by reading learning the local lingo. Learning the language can mean adjusting to the lifestyle or remaining an outsider. This article has been featured in the ELT Times.



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Tuesday, 17 June 2008

How to Teach Mixed Level Classes

Updated 18 January 2012 

Most classes have mixed level students. Knowing how to teach mixed level classes can make all the difference in the world. Below you can find some tips to help you get started. 
  • Go online. You can find lots of material for lesson plans online.
  • Pair weaker students with stronger students. Both students benefit in this situation.
  • Do research. Check out ebooks to help you get started.
  • Call on everyone. Give the weaker students a chance to participate as well.
  • Keep silent. By keeping silent after asking questions you’ll give students a chance to put together their answer.
  • Projects. Not only will they get the chance to meet other people, but they will also learn valuable group working skills.
  • Routines. They make students comfortable and will lessen the need for explanations.
  • Have sequential material. Make different questions according to the levels.
  • Give students choices. Offer students a choice whether for homework or projects. By giving students choices, they take responsibility for their learning and can choose the activity that will challenge them the most.
  • Use students to help. Students can pass out papers and even help explain exercises.
  • Create activity corners. Think of a couple of activities that students can do on their own or with a small group. You could have listening, speaking, problem solving, a game, a song, in different areas around the room etc.
  • Divide the class. When presenting a new topic some students might understand very quickly. After presenting send those who understand to the back to work on exercises. You can give more examples to those who don't.
Also published in . . .
This article has also been published in the ELT Times.

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